INTRODUCTION

1. Crisis refers to an unstable time where decisive change is impending, posing threat to life and property

2. Effective crisis management involves preparedness and quick response to save lives, protect property, and minimize disruptions

3. Traditional approach focused on emergency relief and rehabilitation, but modern crises require more holistic approach

4. Types of crises: natural disasters, environmental issues, accidents, public health issues, hostile activities, infrastructure failure, crowd control.

5. Crisis management has 3 phases:

   1. Pre-crisis - prevention, mitigation, preparedness

   2. During crisis - emergency response

   3. Post-crisis - recovery and rehabilitation

6. Elements of effective crisis management include legal/institutional framework, risk analysis, planning, community resilience, knowledge dissemination

7. Shift in focus to disaster risk reduction strategies like vulnerability assessment, awareness, planning, community preparedness, safety culture

8. International frameworks like Yokohama Strategy promote integrated disaster management and culture of prevention